The Current Divider Calculator computes the currents through resistors in a parallel circuit using the current divider rule. For two resistors, the currents are calculated with I1 = I_total × (R2 / (R1 + R2)) and I2 = I_total × (R1 / (R1 + R2)), where I_total is the total current entering the parallel network. This is essential in electronics and circuit analysis to determine branch currents.